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Heparin and Heparan Sulfate

IV ozone (o3) uses heparin as the main anti-coagulant. R

Heparin is a similar polysaccharide to Heparan Sulfate (heparin is more sulfated). R

Heparan sulfates (HSs) are the main components in the glycocalyx which covers endothelial cells and modulates vascular homeostasis through interactions with multiple Heparan sulfate binding proteins (HSBPs). R

During sepsis, heparanase increases and induces HS shedding. R

Heparan sulfate is an essential part of the glycocalyx. R

Ozone on Redox

Ozone is very pro-oxidant and can directly kill microbes (similar to H2O2), R

Ozone also turns on antioxidant response enzymes like NRF2, thus improving redox status. R

Ozone on Hypoxia

Ozone can also improve hypoxia factors. R

IV ozone is generally done in 10 passes and people generally feel better from it within a few sessions.