IL-8: 53 Ways to Naturally And Artificially Lower This Chemokine

Anything that inhibits NF-kB, IL-1, and TNF-a should theoretically reduce IL-8 also. R R R

Lifestyle/Diet

• Black Cumin Seed OilR

• Caloric Restriction R

• Fasting R

• Jasmine Tea R

• Meditation R

• Oats R

Supplements

• Melatonin R

• Cannabidiol R

• Milk Thistle R

• Theanine R

• Vitamin D R

• Apigenin R

• Cinnamon R

• Fisetin R R

• Andrographolide R

• Black Cumin Seed OilR

• Licorice R

• Zinc R

• Red Yeast Rice R

If your IL-8 serum levels are high, its probably better to stay away from these:

• Exercise (in muscles) R

• Sun R

• Smoking R

• UVA (alpha-tocopherol can prevent the increase of IL-8) R

• UVB R

• Lithium R

• Panax Ginseng R

• Butyrate R

• Resistant Starch R

• Salmonella

• Oxidative Stress R

• Obesity R

• Estradiol R

• Homocysteine R

• Angiotensin II R

IL-8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids long which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL-8 isoforms. R

• There are many receptors on the surface membrane capable of binding IL-8; the most frequently studied types are the G protein-coupled serpentine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.

• Expression and affinity for IL-8 differs between the two receptors (CXCR1 > CXCR2).

• Through a chain of biochemical reactions, IL-8 is secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response.

• In target cells, IL-8 induces a series of physiological responses required for migration and phagocytosis, such as increases in intracellular Ca2+, exocytosis (e.g. histamine release), and the respiratory burst.

Usually, it is the macrophages that see an antigen first, and thus are the first cells to release IL-8 to recruit other cells. R

Both monomer and homodimer forms of IL-8 have been reported to be potent inducers of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. R

The homodimer is more potent, but methylation of Leu25 can block the activity of homodimers. R

In human keratinocytes, MSK acts predominantly to regulate inflammation via IL-8. R

Expression

The expression of IL-8 is negatively regulated by a number of mechanisms. MiRNA-146a/b-5p indirectly represses IL-8 expression by silencing the expression of IRAK1. R

Additionally, the 3'UTR of IL-8 contains a A/U-rich element that makes it extremely unstable under certain conditions. IL-8 expression is also regulated by the transcription factor NF-κB. R

In humans, the IL-8 protein is encoded by the IL8 gene. R 

IL-8 is a member of the CXC chemokine family. The genes encoding this and the other ten members of the CXC chemokine family form a cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 4q. R R

SNPs

• rs4073

• rs2227306

• rs2227307

• rs20541

• rs1800871

• rs1061170

• rs2274700

• rs4253778

• rs708272

• rs2230199

• rs16858811

• rs1800795

• rs2243250

• rs380390

• rs2234671

• rs10191411

• rs1800925

• rs11536889

• rs40401

• rs2070874

• rs4986790

• rs2227284

• rs5882

• rs6723449

• rs1008563

• Appendicitis patients had lower level of neutrophil DEFA1,3, but higher levels of ALPL and CXCR2/IL8RB. R

• NF-κB regulation represents a novel anti-IL-8 therapy for use in inflammatory diseases such as cystic fibrosis. R

• Addition of IL-8 rescued defects in cell migration and invasion observed in ATM-depleted cells thus validating this target. R

• The production of IL-8 was inhibited by IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma and IL-4 both completely abrogated the histamine-induced IL-8 production. These results suggest that the histamine-induced IL-6 production and IL-8 production are differentially regulated by IFN-gamma and IL-4. Histamine may be an important modulator of cytokine production in epidermal milieu. R